Termine

Art	Termin				Ort		Veranstalter
V4	Di 10:00 – 11:30				AH I	Beginn 12. April	E. Grädel
	Mi. 10:00 – 11:30				AH I	21. April	E. Grädel
Ü2	Mi 17:15 – 18:45				5056	Beginn 20. April	V. Bárány, D. Berwanger, L. Kaiser

Übungen

• Übung 1 [ps]
• Übung 2 [ps]
• Übung 3 [ps]
• Übung 4 [ps]
• Übung 5 [ps]
• Übung 6 [ps]
• Übung 7 [ps]
• Übung 8 [ps]
• Übung 9 [ps]
• Übung 10 [ps]
• Übung 11 [ps]
• Übung 12 [ps]
• Übung 13 [ps]

Inhalt

This course builds on the introductory lecture Mathematical Logic, which provided the basis of propositional logic, modal logic, and first-order logic. Mathematical Logic II will make the students acquainted with more advanced methods and with some of the fundamental achievements of mathematical logic in the 20th century.

We will focus on two areas of mathematical logic, namely set theory and model theory.

Set Theory and Foundations of Mathematics

Aus dem Paradies, das Cantor uns geschaffen, soll uns niemand vertreiben können.
(David Hilbert, 1926)

Mathematics relies in a fundamental way on the notion of a set. But what are sets? A naive approach leads to paradoxes like the one, due to Russell, dealing with the set of all sets that are not elements of themselves.

We will explain in detail the axiom system ZFC (Zermelo-Fraenkel with Axiom of Choice) for set theory and try to understand the world of sets (Cantor's paradise) that they bring forth. This includes ordinals (how to count beyond the finite), cardinals (how to calculate with magnitudes of infinite sets), transfinite inductions, and recursion. We will discuss the importance of the Axiom of Choice and the Continuum Hypothesis.

The ultimate goal of the foundational efforts (Hilbert's program) was to put mathematics on a firm basis and to make sure that it is consistent (i.e., not contradictory). However, we will present a fundamental result, due to Gödel, that tells us that this dream will never come true: mathematics cannot be proved to be consistent, unless it is inconsistent!

Introduction to Model Theory

Model theorists are mad tailors: they are making all the possible clothes hoping to produce also something suitable for dressing.
(after Stanislav Lem)

Model Theory is the study of mathematical structures with means of logic. The main goal of this part of the course is to learn the fundamental constructions and tools used in model theory, like compactness, types, and elementary extensions. We will concentrate on two questions.

• Given a first-order theory T, how do the models of T look like?
  We will show how to construct models that are especially rich, i.e., contain every configuration that is not forbidden by T. Conversely, we will find models that omit everything not explicitly demanded by T. In most of these model constructions, the compactness theorem plays a central role.
• What is the expressive power of a logic?
  We will introduce logical systems beyond first-order logic, like infinitary logic and fixed point logics, which are closely related to induction and recursion and which have applications in many areas, from set theory to computer science. To understand the power of these logics, we will study in detail the method of Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games and provide tools that make playing these games easier.

Voraussetzungen

• Mathematische Logik

Zuordnung

• Mathematiker: Reine Mathematik, Angewandte Mathematik
• Lehramtskandidaten: Algebra und Grundlagen der Mathematik (B)
• Sonstige: Informatik

Leistungsnachweis

• Informatiker und Mathematiker: Übungsschein bei aktiver Teilnahme an den Übungen
• Software Systems Engineering (M.Sc.): active participation in exercises and final examination